Hearts in Atlantis (1999) is a collection of two novellas and three short stories by Stephen King, all connected to one another by recurring characters and taking place in roughly chronological order.
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The novella "Hearts in Atlantis" was later republished as part of the 2016 book Hearts in Suspension, which includes non-fiction sections that discuss the novella as it relates to King's personal experience as a university student in the 1960s.
Madina Papadopoulos is a New Orleans-born, New York-based freelance writer and author. She is currently working on the sequel to The Step-Spinsters, the first in the Unspun Fairytale series, which retells classic princess stories set in the late Middle Ages. She studied French and Italian at Tulane University and received her MFA in screenwriting at UCLA. After teaching foreign languages at the university level, as well as in childhood and elementary school programs, she developed and illustrated foreign language coloring workbooks for preschoolers. As a freelance writer, she focuses on food, drinks, and entertainment.
The accession and coronation of Henry II took place on the same day. He was not only king of England, but also ruled over most of Wales, Normandy, Anjou, Gascony and other parts of France (acquired through his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine). Henry, son of Empress Matilda, established stability after civil war between his mother and her rival Stephen. He asserted his authority over the barons and enforced law and governance. Regular financial rolls of government began in his reign.
Thomas Becket had been Henry's close friend and his chancellor. But when Henry appointed him archbishop of Canterbury in 1162, Becket began to take the side of the Church against the king, and the two quarrelled. Responding to an outburst of frustration by the king against Becket, four knights murdered Becket in Canterbury Cathedral. Within a few years of his death, Becket was canonised and Canterbury became a site of pilgrimage.
Henry II and his wife Eleanor had five sons, who squabbled among themselves and with their parents about who would inherit which part of Henry's kingdom. When Henry died it was Richard (later nicknamed 'Lionheart' for his bravery in battle) the oldest surviving son, who became king of England. The crusades and the state of his French territories preoccupied Richard, such that he spent less than a year of his 10-year reign in England.
The death of Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury, in July 1205 initiated a dispute between the king and the monks of Canterbury over who should name his successor. The pope intervened and overruled John, sparking a series of tit-for-tat exchanges that resulted in John's excommunication in 1209. He later declared his kingdom a papal fief and was readmitted to the favour of the papacy.
The Magna Carta of 1215 did not prevent fighting between rebel barons and John. The French king, Philip Augustus, sent his son, Louis, to assist the English rebels. Initially the French force was very successful, but when John suddenly died in October 1216 and his nine-year-old son was hastily crowned Henry III, the barons reconsidered. The French withdrew in 1217.
Henry came to the throne aged nine. At the time, a French force had invaded with the intention of unseating his father, John. With John dead, the rebellious barons who had encouraged French aid, saw the young king as the safer option. Many rejoined the royal cause and eventually the French were defeated at Lincoln in 1217. They withdrew with a large financial payment.
The first abbey at Westminster was built by Edward the Confessor in the 1040s in the Romanesque style. Henry III ordered the rebuilding of the abbey in a Gothic style, with a central shrine to honour Edward the Confessor. Henry was himself very religious, and focusing on a saintly predecessor sanctified his own kingship. Henry was eventually buried in Westminster Abbey.
Frustrated by the poor counsel afforded to Henry III, Simon de Montfort (the king's brother-in-law) led a rebellion. In May 1264, he captured Henry and his son Edward at the Battle of Lewes. Now in control of England, de Montfort summoned an assembly, including two knights from each county and two elected representatives of each borough - a precursor to parliament. Later in 1265, de Montfort was killed at the Battle of Evesham by the forces of Prince Edward, and royal authority was restored.
In 1292, a disputed succession to the Scottish throne allowed Edward I to force the Scots to accept his sovereignty as 'lord paramount' of Scotland. He then nominated John Balliol as king. The Scots objected to these terms and in 1295 turned to the French for help - the earliest documentary evidence of the 'Auld Alliance'. A Scottish army was raised, but it was defeated by Edward, who deposed Balliol and removed the Stone of Scone on which Scottish monarchs were crowned.
In 1306, Robert the Bruce was crowned king of Scotland in defiance of Edward I, who died while on his way north to reassert his authority. Edward II was very different from his father, more interested in entertainment than warfare and dependent upon favourites like Piers Gaveston. Two years after Edward's accession, he married Isabella, daughter of the French king.
Since the death of Edward I, Robert the Bruce had consolidated his hold on Scotland and reclaimed lost territory. The English governor of Stirling was besieged. Edward II led a 20,000-strong relief force, but it was heavily defeated at nearby Bannockburn by a Scottish force half its size. The victory ensured Scotland's survival as an independent country, with Bruce as its king.
At the height of the Great European Famine, Edward Bruce, Robert the Bruce's brother, led an expedition in Ireland to discomfort English interests and to raise a grand 'Celtic' alliance. His timing was unfortunate. The alliance came to nothing and the expedition only succeeded in making the effects of the famine still worse.
In the Declaration of Arbroath, a letter to Pope John XXII, Scottish barons complained of English invasions and praised their king, Robert the Bruce, but threatened to depose him if he ever subjected Scotland to the English. The declaration can be seen as the founding document of the Scottish nation, or as a clever diplomatic move to explain why Scotland was still fighting its Christian neighbour at the time of the crusades. The pope was unmoved and Scotland remained excommunicated.
Edward II's wife, Isabella, had left England for France in 1325 on the pretext of helping to settle a dispute over territory. But she had been badly treated by Edward's favourites, the Despensers, and declined to return. Instead, she remained in Paris, where she found a lover, Roger Mortimer. In 1326, she returned to England with a large force, whereupon the king's supporters deserted him. Edward was captured, as were the Despensers who were executed in the autumn of the same year.
Edward III was just 14 when he became king. His father, Edward II, was forced to abdicate by his mother, Isabella, and her lover Roger Mortimer. In 1330, Edward seized control, executing Mortimer and forcing Isabella to retire. He would go on to rule for 50 years.
Edward the 'Black Prince' (Edward III's son) invaded France from Gascony in 1356. French and English forces met at Poitiers. Although the French had vastly superior forces, they were humiliatingly defeated by superior English tactics and by the failure of all sections of their army to engage. The French king, John II, was captured. Poitiers was the second of the three great English victories of the Hundred Years' War, the others being Crécy (1346) and Agincourt (1415).
Owain Glyn Dwr had served in Richard II's army in the 1380s and it may even have been loyalty to the deposed king that encouraged him to lead a revolt against Henry IV. In 1404 he received French support and presided over the first Welsh parliament. As Henry consolidated control over England, his son Henry (the future Henry V) led the campaigning in Wales. By 1409, the revolt was broken. Glyn Dwr turned to guerrilla warfare until his death in around 1416.
In 1422, Henry V died suddenly, leaving his son Henry, who was less than a year old and now king of England and France under the terms of the Treaty of Troyes (1420). England was ruled by a Regency Council. In France, the king's uncle, John, Duke of Bedford, gradually extended English control. Henry VI of England was crowned king of France in Paris in December 1431. The traditional site of French coronations, Rheims, had been recaptured by Joan of Arc the previous year.
The Treaty of Arras reconciled a long-standing dispute between Charles VII of France and Philip, Duke of Burgundy. It also broke the Anglo-Burgundian alliance that had existed since 1420 and allowed the king of France to consolidate his position against English claims to his throne. England was left isolated and its French territories were lost piecemeal. By 1451, the last part of Henry V's legacy, Normandy, had been retaken.
Following the resumption of the throne by Henry VI, Edward IV returned from exile in Burgundy and defeated Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, at the Battle of Barnet. He then routed a Lancastrian force at Tewkesbury. Among the casualties was Edward, Prince of Wales and heir of Henry VI. Henry VI himself survived little more than a fortnight after the battle. He was murdered, probably in the Tower of London, on 21 May 1471. Edward IV was king of England again. 2ff7e9595c
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